您當前的位置:江博教育> 托福寫作>沒看懂這篇文章,別說你會寫作
首先,一篇作文的組成要素是段落,而段落的組成要素是句子,而寫一個英文句子最基本的要去就是要有完整的句子結構,而Fragment(不完整句)卻是寫作中最常見的語法錯誤,也就是說很多同學學習了多年的英語,甚至不能保證自己“會寫句子”。那么正在看這篇文章的你,到底會不會寫英文句子呢?
我們先看以下幾個例子:
Although the Devil’s Tomato and Blue Nightshade are related to the tomato and potato. They are both highly toxic plants. They should not be eaten in a salad or baked.
Charlotte loved the classic movie Gone with the Wind, but Clyde hated it. His chief objection being that it lasted for four hours.
It’s always hard for me to get up for work. Especially on Monday after a holiday weekend. However, I always wake up early on free days.
Montana is bordered by North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. Also by Wyoming to the south. To the north of the state lies Canada.
看完上面的四個例子之后,大家可以快速找出問題所在嗎?或者覺得它們挺自然的,和自己平時寫作中的思路很類似呢?
可以明確的告訴大家,這四個例子中都出現了fragment,句子結構不完整的情況,并且它們分別代表了四種典型的不完整句錯誤,分別是:
Dependent-word Fragment 從屬詞不完整句
-ing and to Fragment 現在分詞與不定式不完整句
Added-Detail Fragment 附加細節不完整句
Missing-Subject Fragment 缺少主語的不完整句
下面我們繼續介紹修改這些錯誤的方式。
Dependent-word Fragment 從屬詞不完整句
這種錯誤通常是將從句單獨作為單獨的句子了,下面這個例子就是這種情況:
Although the Devil’s Tomato and Blue Nightshade are related to the tomato and potato. They are both highly toxic plants. They should not be eaten in a salad or baked.
但實際上,從句必須附屬在主句前后,因此,這種錯誤我們只需要將兩個句子合并即可。
修改后:Although the Devil’s Tomato and Blue Nightshade are related to the tomato and potato, they are both highly toxic plants. They should not be eaten in a salad or baked.
2. -ing and to Fragment 現在分詞與不定式不完整句
這種錯誤是錯用了動詞的形式。注意一個完整的句子,是一定要有謂語動詞或者系動詞的(有時候也統稱為核心動詞),而現在分詞或者不定式都是動詞非謂語形式(即動詞在句子中不是謂語)。下面這個例子就是這種情況:
Charlotte loved the classic movie Gone with the Wind, but Clyde hated it. His chief objection being that it lasted for four hours.
修改時,我們需要將動詞的錯誤形式轉變為謂語動詞的形式。
修改后:Charlotte loved the classic movie Gone with the Wind, but Clyde hated it. His chief objection is that it lasted for four hours.
Added-Detail Fragment 附加細節不完整句
這種錯誤也是沒有考慮到完整句子的基本結構,從而將句子中應該作為附加細節的一些短語,尤其是介詞短語單獨成句了。下面這個例子就是這種情況:
It’s always hard for me to get up for work. Especially on Monday after a holiday weekend. However, I always wake up early on free days.
在這個例子中,Especially on Monday after a holiday weekend是一個副詞+一個介詞短語的附加結構,修改時我們將其合并到完整句中即可。
修改后:It’s always hard for me to get up for work, especially on Monday after a holiday weekend. However, I always wake up early on free days.
4. Missing-Subject Fragment 缺少主語的不完整句
這種錯誤通常出現在相鄰的兩個句子的主語一樣時。同學們可能會有一種,前一個句子的主語,或者主語和核心動詞,可以自動應用到后一個句子上的錯誤觀念。下面這個例子就是這種情況:
Montana is bordered by North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. Also by Wyoming to the south. To the north of the state lies Canada.
我們需要明確的是,每一個獨立的句子需要有自己一套主干。修改時我們可以將主語相同的兩個句子合并,或者給第二個句子加上自己的主語。
修改后:Montana is bordered by North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. It is also by Wyoming to the south. To the north of the state lies Canada.
或者:Montana is bordered by North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, and also by Wyoming to the south. To the north of the state lies Canada.
了解了以上常見的不完整句情況和相應的修改方法后,同學們再也不用擔心自己“不會寫句子”了。
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